Synchronous alternating liquid current motor



G. CONSTANTINESCO, SYNCHRONOUS ATERNATING LQUlD CURRENT MOTOR.

APPLrcAUoN min M1525. 1921.

Patented Oct. 17, 1922.

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F LNDON, ENGLND.

SYN@ @NOUS ALTERNATING LQKD CURRENT MOTOR.

Application filed August 25, 1921. Serial Yitc. 495,2?2.

(GRANTED NDER. THE PRUVISINS OF THE AST 0F MARCH 8, 1921, 41 SEAT. E., 1913.)

To @ZZ whom it may concer/rt:

Be it known that l, GEORGE CoNs'rAN'rr- Nusco, a subject of the King of Great Britain and ireland, residing at Weybridge, Surrey,

En land,- have invented certain new and useful provements in Synchronous Alternating Liquid Current Motors for which I have filed an application in reat Britain ct. 3, 1916, Patent No. 110,005), of which the following is a specication. The present invention relates to alternating llquid current motors and especially to motors for use in wave transmission systems, and has for its object the production of a synchronous rotary motor running at a speed differing froml that of the generator and actuated by a polyphase alternating liquid current. The term alternating liquid current is defined in the specification of Patent No. 1,334,290.

In Letters Patent Reissue No. 14,738 it is shown how energy can be transmitted from one point toanother by means of a series of periodic variations of pressure and volume, travelling along one or more liquid columns. For example, if a motor is formed by three cylinders and pistons placed at 120o apart, the pistons diering in phase of motion also by 120, such a motor will be kept rotating by the pulsations of a three-phase liquid wave transmission line fed by a similar 1 generator. This is thesimplest form of synchronous motor.

A motor of the type described would be 35 very dicult to start', and would be incapable of starting against an inertia fixed on the shaft, as the eects of inertia increase considerably with the speed, and would prevent starting where the synchronous speed is high.

The object of the present invention is to obtain a synchronous alternating liquid current motor running at a very. much lower speed than the speed of the generator.

The invention consists in a valveless alternating liquid current'motor comprising three groups of pistons in cylinders, each group being connected by suitable connections to one of three liquid columns, the group being arranged around the motor in such a manner that the movements of the different groups dier by 120O in phase,

while the rotor is so shaped that the pistons reciprocating in contact with it move with a simple harmonic motion as the rotor revolves.-

rThe invention also consists in a valveless polyphase alternating liquid current motor so constructed that the speed of the rotor is different from the speed of the generator.

It ywill be readily seen that such a machine may either act as a motor or generator according as the power is applied to rotate the shaft or to the movement of the li uid columns acting on the shaft.

he invention further consists in constructing the apparatus in such a manner that the speed of the rotor is a sub-multiple of the speed of the generator.

The invention also consists in the improved motors hereinafter described.

It has been proposed in a gas engine to reduce the speed of rotation of the driven shaft relative to the piston speed by causing the pistons to act through links on inclined surfaces on the inner surface of' a ring moving with the driven shaft. It has also been proposed in iiuid pressure engines with distributing valves' to cause the pistons to act on cam surfaces designed to move the shaft through a part only of a revolutlon during one complete reciprocation of a piston.

It will be seen that if the rotor is shaped in such a manner that'for one revolution of the rotor there are M reciprocations of each of the pistons, and if the rotor is fed. from a three or more phase transmission line 1n which the frequency is N, the frequency of the revolutions of the motor will be so l that the gearing ratio resulting 1s M- Figure 2 Vis a section on the line 2 2, Figure 1, of a motor constructed according to the invention.

30 tact between the balls c and discs a.

vFigure 4, while Figure 6 is a developed section on the circumference of the rotor.

Figure 7 shows a construction adapted for small power motors.

In the form of the invention shown in Figures 1 and 2, the rotor comprises ve similar discs a, carried on a shaft b, each of these discs being shaped as shown in Figure 2, so that for one revolution of the rotor the point of contact of the disc with one of the balls 0 in the cylinders Z is displaced radially five times, so that the disc in rotating imparts to the ball c a trueharmonic displacement having a frequency five times as great as the number of revolutions of the shaft Z). The balls c in this machine act as pistons and fit in cups sliding in the cylinders CZ, springs being provided to balance their inertia. In this construction the ball `is free to rotate so that there is rolling con- Any leakage which occurs past the balls is replaced by suitable appliances in the wave transmission line. As the leakage accumulates there is provided a leather cup or other suitable stuliing box e to prevent the escape of the oil from the machine. The interior of the machine is connected through a return pipe f to a collecting tank situated near the generator, so that a slow circulation of the leaking fluid is maintained. From the collecting tank a suitably arranged pump may be employed to pump the pil back into the three-phase transmission In the motor illustrated the cylinders 1, ,1, l, 1, 1, communicate with a collecting channel I, the cylinders marked 2 and 3 res ectively communicate with channels II, II. These three channels form closed rings communicating with the three pipes of the three-phase line leading from the generator. The connections are diagrammatically shown in Figure 3. In this figure there is diagrammatically shown at g a reversing cock adapted to interchange the connections between two of the phases for the purpose of reversing the direction of rotation of the Three condensers are shown connected to the line at h, in order to take up the rise of pressure which would occur on reversing or when stopping the motor by closing the lines at Ic. Capacities such as the long steel ves'- sel described in Patent No. 1,334,283 may be substituted for these condensers. The three phases of the transmission line may be connected as at Z to three small bore pipes, whose other ends are connected to a common point m. As there is no variation of the pressure at the point m, oil may be pumped in at this point at the mean working pressure, in order to compensate for leakage, so that check valves are dispensed with. A pressure gauge may be fitted at a to indicate the mean pressure in the pipes.

The use of the small bore pipes Z has the advantage that it balances the mean pressure in the three-phase line as is necessary after each reversal. The pipes Z should be sufficiently long and of sufficiently small diameter to avoid any appreciable loss of power through heating.

The arrangement of pipes of small bore as above described affords a very simple method of feeding lines in order to keep the three-phase transmission line at a constant mean pressure, all that is necessary being to pump the fiuid in by means of an ordinary constant pressure pump, regulating the iow from the pump according to the reading of the gauge n. The generator 0 is shown diagrammatically connected to the lines on the right hand side of Figure 3.

In the form of the invention shown in Figures 4C, 5 and 6 the speed of the motor is one-sixth of the transmission line frequency. In this modification the piston balls c act parallel to the shaft b instead of perpendicular to it as in the case of Figures 1, 2 and 3,A and the discs a are shaped at the sides of their circumference as illustrated in the de- 1, 1, etc., 2, 2, 2, etc., 3, 3, 3, etc., are con nected to the conduits I, II, III in three groups as before. Moderate size motors can conveniently be constructed in this manner.

In the form of the invention shown in Fi ure 7 the cylinders 1, l, 2, 2, etc., are on placed on one side of the disc a which is s aped as before on this side only. The pressure of the pistons in this case is taken up by a thrust bearing r.

I claim 1. A valveless alternating liquid current motor comprising three groups of cylinders, pistons working in said cylinders, three liquid columns, each of said liquid columns being connected to a group of said cylinders, said groups of cylinders being arranged around the motor in such a manner that the movements ofthe three different groups of pistons differ from each other in phase by 120 degrees and a rotor so shaped that the pistons in contact with it move with a simple harmonic motion as set forth. p

2. A valveless alternating liquid current motor, comprising three groups of cylinders,

1n conjunction with each of said groups of pistons more than once during a complete 10 revolution as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specication.

GEORGE CONSTANTINESCO.

Witnesses:

W. F. M. ADAMS, JONES G.ALLsoP. 

